The High-touch Legal Services® Blog…for Startups!

© 2009-2021 Dana H. Shultz

What Does “Amended and Restated” Mean?

Alaska Air Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation“Amended and restated” is a term that lawyers use a lot. (A Google search produces approximately 792,000 results.) This post discusses that term’s meaning and why lawyers use it. This is part of Dana Shultz’s Canonical Questions on the Law™ series of questions and answers about legal issues, concepts and terminology.

“Amended and restated” can apply to virtually any type of legal document. Examples:

  • Certificate/articles of incorporation;
  • Corporate bylaws;
  • Limited liability company operating agreement;
  • Any other type of agreement;
  • etc.

(more…)

Canonical Questions on the Law® Series Explained

Logo for Quora, where Dana Shultz created the Canonical Questions on the Law™ series of questions and answers about legal issues, concepts and terminologyThis post explains what the Canonical Questions on the Law® series is. Equally important, this post explains why I created that series of questions and answers about legal issues, concepts and terminology.

I have been active on Quora, a question-and-answer site, since 2010. In a significant change, Quora recently limited questions to 250 characters. Users no longer are able to include lengthy paragraphs containing question details. (more…)

Which Types of Intellectual Property Can Protect an Idea?

Logo for Quora, where Dana Shultz answered a question about types of intellectual property protectionThis post explains why the various types of intellectual property (“IP”) cannot protect a mere idea. However, IP may protect items that one creates based on such an idea.

I first wrote about this subject on Quora. Please see Which types of intellectual property protection can I receive for my idea? (more…)